一聚教程网:一个值得你收藏的教程网站

最新下载

热门教程

MySQL关于exists函数使用注意事项

时间:2016-08-12 编辑:简简单单 来源:一聚教程网


exists语法


SELECT c.CustomerId, CompanyName  
FROM Customers c  
WHERE EXISTS(  
 SELECT OrderID FROM Orders o  
 WHERE o.CustomerID = cu.CustomerID)  

这里面的EXISTS是如何运作呢?子查询返回的是OrderId字段,可是外面的查询要找的是CustomerID和CompanyName字段,这两个字段肯定不在OrderID里面啊,这是如何匹配的呢?

EXISTS用于检查子查询是否至少会返回一行数据,该子查询实际上并不返回任何数据,而是返回值True或False。

EXISTS 指定一个子查询,检测行的存在。语法:EXISTS subquery。参数 subquery 是一个受限的 SELECT 语句 (不允许有 COMPUTE 子句和 INTO 关键字)。结果类型为 Boolean,如果子查询包含行,则返回 TRUE。


今天碰到一个很奇怪的问题,关于exists的,

第一个语句如下:


SELECT
    count(1)
FROM
    APPLY t
WHERE
    EXISTS (
        SELECT
            r.APPLY_ID
        FROM
            RECORD r
        WHERE
            t.APPLY_ID = r.APPLY_ID
    );

产生的结果是:89584

 

第二个语句如下:


SELECT
    count(1)
FROM
    APPLY t
WHERE
    EXISTS (
        SELECT
            max(r.FINISH_TIME)
        FROM
            RECORD r
        WHERE
            t.APPLY_ID = r.APPLY_ID
    );

产生的结果是:432382

 

确实相当奇怪,对于exist子句来说,其判断的是子查询的值是否存在,也就是说,列名,和对列名求最大值没什么区别啊。

包括MySQL官方文档中也提到

Traditionally, an EXISTS subquery starts with SELECT *, but it could begin with SELECT 5 or SELECT column1 or anything at all. MySQL ignores the SELECT list in such a subquery, so it makes no difference.
大意就是MySQL会自动忽略到SELECT的列表。

 

后来在自己的环境测试了一下,确实是MySQL的一个bug

测试环境:MySQL 5.6.31,5.7.14


mysql> create table t3(id int,t datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec)

mysql> insert into t3 values(1,'20160812');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> select 1 from dual where  exists (select id from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.15 sec)

mysql> select 1 from dual where  exists (select max(id) from t3 where id=2);
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |

很明显,id等于2的列不存在,但是第二条语句还是当做TRUE来处理了。

 

也确认了下两条语句的执行计划和改写后的SQL

第一个语句


mysql> EXPLAIN EXTENDED select 1 from dual where  exists (select id from t3 where id=2);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra            |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | Impossible WHERE |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t3    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 |   100.00 | Using where      |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+------------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                           |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1681 | 'EXTENDED' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. |
| Note    | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select 1 AS `1` from DUAL  where 0                 |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

 

第二个语句


mysql> EXPLAIN EXTENDED select 1 from dual where  exists (select max(id) from t3 where id=2);
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | filtered | Extra          |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | NULL  | NULL       | NULL | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL |     NULL | No tables used |
|  2 | SUBQUERY    | t3    | NULL       | ALL  | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 |   100.00 | Using where    |
+----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+----------------+
2 rows in set, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> show warnings;
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Level   | Code | Message                                                           |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1681 | 'EXTENDED' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. |
| Note    | 1003 | /* select#1 */ select 1 AS `1` from DUAL  where 1                 |
+---------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

执行计划及改写后的SQL确实有所不同,看来,确实是MySQL的一个bug了。

于是,给官方提了个bug

http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=82562

 
总结

建议写exists语句时,子查询中直接用*,而不用对列进行任何函数操作,避免碰到官方bug,

事实上,对于abs,floor函数又没问题

mysql> select 1 from dual where  exists (select abs(id) from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.07 sec)

mysql> select 1 from dual where  exists (select floor(id) from t3 where id=2);
Empty set (0.00 sec)

热门栏目