python读写excel的例子(生成excel)

例子、超级简单读取csv

1.用python读取csv文件：

csv是逗号分隔符格式 一般我们用的execl生成的格式是xls和xlsx  直接重命名为csv的话会报错：

Error: line contains NULL byte

insun解决方案：出错原因是直接是把后缀为xls的execl文件重命名为csv的 正常的要是另存为csv文件 就不会报错了

譬如我们有这么个csv文件：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
import csv
with open('egg.csv','rb') as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
for row in reader:
print row

打印出来是这样的list

['a', '1', '1', '1']
['a', '2', '2', '2']
['b', '3', '3', '3']
['b', '4', '4', '4']
['b', '5', '5', '5']
['b', '6', '6', '6']
['c', '7', '7', '7']
['c', '8', '8', '8']
['c', '9', '9', '9']
['c', '10', '10', '10']
['d', '11', '11', '11']
['e', '12', '12', '12']
['e', '13', '13', '13']
['e', '14', '14', '14']

2.用python写入并生成csv

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
import csv
with open('egg2.csv', 'wb') as csvfile:
spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=' ',quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
spamwriter.writerow(['a', '1', '1', '2', '2'])
spamwriter.writerow(['b', '3', '3', '6', '4'])
spamwriter.writerow(['c', '7', '7', '10', '4'])
spamwriter.writerow(['d', '11','11','11', '1'])
spamwriter.writerow(['e', '12','12','14', '3'])

这样存进去的是存到一列了 跟我们原本意图存进5列不一样

使用python的csv生成excel所兼容的csv文件的话，主要就是创建writer时的参数时要有dialect=’excel’

代码修改为：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
import csv
with open('egg2.csv', 'wb') as csvfile:
spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile,dialect='excel')
spamwriter.writerow(['a', '1', '1', '2', '2'])
spamwriter.writerow(['b', '3', '3', '6', '4'])
spamwriter.writerow(['c', '7', '7', '10', '4'])
spamwriter.writerow(['d', '11','11','11', '1'])
spamwriter.writerow(['e', '12','12','14', '3'])

例子(生成excel报表)

这边的程序相对比较简单，就不像之前一样画流程图了。一下介绍一下我们需要的python 模块：

模块名 版本 其他

mysql-connector 2.1.3 MySQL官网的python链接模块
xlwt 1.0.0 生成excel模块

程序展示
主程序

if __name__ == '__main__':
  info = {
    'host'    :'192.168.137.11',
    'user'    :'root',
    'password':'root',
    'database':'test'
  }
  conn = mysql.connector.connect(**info)
  cursor = conn.cursor()
  sql = get_sql()
  cursor.execute(sql)
  # 获得excel的title
  title = get_title(cursor)
  # 获得需要的数据
  data = get_select_data(cursor)
  # 获得每一列的最大长度
  max_len = get_col_max_length(data, title)
  work_book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
  # 创建一个excel模板
  work_sheet = work_book.add_sheet('查询数据')
  # 生成excel title
  work_sheet = create_excel_title(work_sheet, title, title_style)
  # 生成 excel 数据
  work_sheet = create_excel_body(work_sheet, data)
  # 设置每一列适当的长度
  work_sheet = set_work_sheet_col_len(work_sheet, max_len)
  # 保存 excel
  work_book.save('data_{time}.xls'.format(time=time.time()))

获得的sql方法

def get_sql():
  '''
  创建需要的sql语句
  '''
  sql = '''
    SELECT tmp.mobile_phone AS '电话号码',
      tmp.name AS '其中一个姓名',
      tmall_shop_info.name AS '品牌商名称',
      store.store_name AS '店铺名称',
      tmp.num AS '重复个数'
    FROM (
      SELECT mobile_phone,
        name,
        store_no,
        tmall_shop_id,
        COUNT(*) AS num
      FROM store_guide
      WHERE mobile_phone IS NOT NULL
      GROUP BY mobile_phone
      HAVING num > 1
    ) AS tmp
      LEFT JOIN tmall_shop_info USING(tmall_shop_id)
      LEFT JOIN store USING(store_no)
  '''
  return sql

如果需要生成其他sql能查询出的数据直接就替换掉上面的sql就好了。

其他方法

def get_title(cursor):
  '''
  通过游标获得excel文件title
  '''
  return cursor.column_names
 
def get_select_data(cursor):
  '''
  通过游标获得数据列表(list)
  '''
  return [row for row in cursor]
 
def create_excel_title(work_sheet, title, title_style=None):
  '''
  生产exceltitle
  '''
  if not title_style:
    title_style = default_style
  for col_index, col_name in enumerate(title):
    work_sheet.write(0, col_index, col_name, title_style)
  return work_sheet
 
def create_excel_body(work_sheet, body, body_style=None):
  '''
  生成excel body信息
  '''
  if not title_style:
    body_style = default_style
  for row_num, row_data in enumerate(data, 1):
    for col_index, col_value in enumerate(row_data):
      work_sheet.write(row_num, col_index, col_value)
  return work_sheet
 
def get_col_max_length(data, title):
  '''
  获得数据每列最大值长度
  '''
  col_len = map(len, map(str, title))
  func = lambda x, y: y if y>x else x
  for row in data:
    row_len = map(len, map(str, row))
    col_len = map(func, col_len, row_len)
  return col_len
 
def set_work_sheet_col_len(work_sheet, max_len):
  '''
  设置列长度
  '''
  for col, len in enumerate(max_len):
    work_sheet.col(col).* (len + 1)
  return work_sheet
以上的get_col_max_length方法中使用了map函数来获得每一列的最大长度是多少，为了能在excel中能设置适当的宽度。

excel样式设置

# 默认样式
default_style = xlwt.easyxf('''
  pattern: pattern solid;
  borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;
  align: horiz center''',
  num_format_str='0,000.00')
 
# 标题栏样式
title_style = xlwt.easyxf('''
  pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour yellow;
  font: name Times New Roman, color-index black, bold on;
  borders: left 1, right 1, top 1, bottom 1;
  align: horiz center''',
  num_format_str='0,000.00')
 
# 时间格式样式
time_style = xlwt.easyxf(num_format_str='YYYY-MM-DD h:mm:ss')