android开发中获取手机上可用SD卡方法分享

现在的android手机型号复杂多样，造成了开发过程中使用官方的获取sd卡的方法在部分的手机上并不适用，所以需要进行开发的自己封装，以下就是代码，希望分享出来，大家共同学习

/**
* 获取手机sd卡的工具类
* @author wy
*/
public class SDCardUtils {
/*
* avoid initializations of tool classes
*/
private SDCardUtils() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

/**
* @Title: getExtSDCardPaths
* @Description: to obtain storage paths, the first path is theoretically
* the returned value of
* Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), namely the
* primary external storage. It can be the storage of internal
* device, or that of external sdcard. If paths.size() >1,
* basically, the current device contains two type of storage:
* one is the storage of the device itself, one is that of
* external sdcard. Additionally, the paths is directory.
* @return List
* @throws IOException
* 获取手机上所有可用的sd卡路径
* @return
*/
public static ArrayList getExtSDCardPaths() {
ArrayList paths = new ArrayList();
String extFileStatus = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
File extFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
if (extFileStatus.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED) && extFile.exists()
&& extFile.isDirectory()) {
paths.add(extFile.getAbsolutePath());
}
try {
// obtain executed result of command line code of 'mount', to judge
// whether tfCard exists by the result
Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
Process process = runtime.exec("mount");
InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
String line = null;
int mountPathIndex = 1;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
// format of sdcard file system: vfat/fuse
if ((!line.contains("fat") && !line.contains("fuse") && !line
.contains("storage"))
|| line.contains("secure")
|| line.contains("asec")
|| line.contains("firmware")
|| line.contains("shell")
|| line.contains("obb")
|| line.contains("legacy") || line.contains("data")) {
continue;
}
String[] parts = line.split(" ");
int length = parts.length;
if (mountPathIndex >= length) {
continue;
}
String mountPath = parts[mountPathIndex];
if (!mountPath.contains("/") || mountPath.contains("data")
|| mountPath.contains("Data")) {
continue;
}
File mountRoot = new File(mountPath);
if (!mountRoot.exists() || !mountRoot.isDirectory()) {
continue;
}
boolean equalsToPrimarySD = mountPath.equals(extFile
.getAbsolutePath());
if (equalsToPrimarySD) {
continue;
}
paths.add(mountPath);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return paths;
}

/**
* SD卡剩余空间大小
* @param path 取得SD卡文件路径
* @return 单位MB
*/
public static long getSDFreeSize(String path) {
StatFs sf = new StatFs(path);
// 获取单个数据块的大小(Byte)
long blockSize = sf.getBlockSize();
// 空闲的数据块的数量
long freeBlocks = sf.getAvailableBlocks();
// 返回SD卡空闲大小
return (freeBlocks * blockSize) / 1024 / 1024; //
}

/**
* SD卡总容量
* @param path 取得SD卡文件路径
* @return 单位MB
*/
public static long getSDAllSize(String path) {
StatFs sf = new StatFs(path);
// 获取单个数据块的大小(Byte)
long blockSize = sf.getBlockSize();
// 获取所有数据块数
long allBlocks = sf.getBlockCount();
// 返回SD卡大小
// return allBlocks * blockSize; //单位Byte
// return (allBlocks * blockSize)/1024; //单位KB
return (allBlocks * blockSize) / 1024 / 1024;
}

/**
* 判断当前内存卡是否可用
* @param mContext
* @return
*/
public static final boolean isExist(String sdPath) {
ArrayList list = getExtSDCardPaths();
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
if(list.contains(sdPath)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}


Android手机外置SD卡(TF卡)的获取方法

    Android手机上的外置SD卡，起初的时候，即在Android出世的前几年，那时手机的存储是十分有限的，不像现在到处可见16G、32G和64G的存储，因而那时候的手机有的厂商允许插入外置的SD卡，此时这张卡仍处于手机的扩展部分。后来，随着手机的发展以及存储能力的增加，这张外置SD卡，逐渐成为了手机的一部分，不再允许可挺拔了，当然现在依然有的手机允许对存储进行拓展，比如三星等。

    那张拓展的存储卡，现在叫做TF卡，且不是所有的手机都支持它，但是有时候有些奇葩需求偏要优先存储在TF卡里面，这叫不得不要求开发人员去检查这张卡是否存在、是否可用。又因为这是手机厂商可拓展、可自定义的部分，所有不同厂商生产的手机，以及同一厂商生产的不同型号的手机，TF卡的位置都相差很大，并没有一个统一的名称或位置。因而这是比较困难的一部分，但是还好Android是开源的，我们可以通过运行时来判断手机是否有TF卡，以及TF卡是否可用。

    下面这个方法可以获取手机的可以存储，包括SD卡、TF卡等，对多存储卡进行了匹配，详细的代码如下：

     1 public class SDCardScanner {
     2     /*
     3      * avoid initializations of tool classes
     4      */
     5     private SDCardScanner() {
     6     }
     7
     8     /**
     9      * @Title: getExtSDCardPaths
    10      * @Description: to obtain storage paths, the first path is theoretically
    11      *               the returned value of
    12      *               Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), namely the
    13      *               primary external storage. It can be the storage of internal
    14      *               device, or that of external sdcard. If paths.size() >1,
    15      *               basically, the current device contains two type of storage:
    16      *               one is the storage of the device itself, one is that of
    17      *               external sdcard. Additionally, the paths is directory.
    18      * @return List
    19      * @throws IOException
    20      */
    21     public static List getExtSDCardPaths() {
    22         List paths = new ArrayList();
    23         String extFileStatus = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
    24         File extFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
    25         if (extFileStatus.endsWith(Environment.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED)
    26                 && extFile.exists() && extFile.isDirectory()
    27                 && extFile.canWrite()) {
    28             paths.add(extFile.getAbsolutePath());
    29         }
    30         try {
    31             // obtain executed result of command line code of 'mount', to judge
    32             // whether tfCard exists by the result
    33             Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
    34             Process process = runtime.exec('mount');
    35             InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
    36             InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
    37             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
    38             String line = null;
    39             int mountPathIndex = 1;
    40             while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
    41                 // format of sdcard file system: vfat/fuse
    42                 if ((!line.contains('fat') && !line.contains('fuse') && !line
    43                         .contains('storage'))
    44                         || line.contains('secure')
    45                         || line.contains('asec')
    46                         || line.contains('firmware')
    47                         || line.contains('shell')
    48                         || line.contains('obb')
    49                         || line.contains('legacy') || line.contains('data')) {
    50                     continue;
    51                 }
    52                 String[] parts = line.split(' ');
    53                 int length = parts.length;
    54                 if (mountPathIndex >= length) {
    55                     continue;
    56                 }
    57                 String mountPath = parts[mountPathIndex];
    58                 if (!mountPath.contains('/') || mountPath.contains('data')
    59                         || mountPath.contains('Data')) {
    60                     continue;
    61                 }
    62                 File mountRoot = new File(mountPath);
    63                 if (!mountRoot.exists() || !mountRoot.isDirectory()
    64                         || !mountRoot.canWrite()) {
    65                     continue;
    66                 }
    67                 boolean equalsToPrimarySD = mountPath.equals(extFile
    68                         .getAbsolutePath());
    69                 if (equalsToPrimarySD) {
    70                     continue;
    71                 }
    72                 paths.add(mountPath);
    73             }
    74         } catch (IOException e) {
    75             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    76             e.printStackTrace();
    77         }
    78         return paths;
    79     }
    80 }


    首先，我把它写成了一个工具类，因而声明了一个私有的构造器，目的就是要防止该类被实例化。

    然后，首先获取了Android标准一部分的外置SD卡，如果它可用的话。

    然后利用运行时，通过命令行函数'mount'来获取所有的存储位置，并对返回的结果进行SD卡或者TF卡的查找。

    最后返回了所有可用于存储的不同的卡的位置，用一个List来保存。由于不是所有的手机都支持TF卡，因而这个List包含的路径未必很多，只有一个SD卡的手机只会返回一个路径，多个可用存储位置的会返回多个路径。

    但有一点，是必须的，paths.get(0)肯定是外置SD卡的位置，因为它是primary external storage.