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nginx伪静态规则参数与实例

时间:2014-05-08 编辑:简简单单 来源:一聚教程网

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验,整理一下方便日后参考。
正则表达式匹配,其中:
* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)

 代码如下 复制代码
$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
结合QeePHP的例子
if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
目录自动加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
禁止htaccess
location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}
禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}
禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}

只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码

 代码如下 复制代码
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯

 代码如下 复制代码
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧

 代码如下 复制代码
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:

 代码如下 复制代码
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}

域名跳转

 代码如下 复制代码
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.111com.net/;
access_log off;
}

多域名转向

 代码如下 复制代码
server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ “c1gstudio/.net”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
}

三级域名跳转

 代码如下 复制代码
if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
break;
}

域名镜向

 代码如下 复制代码
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}

某个子目录作镜向

 代码如下 复制代码
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

附现在常用cms替换

WordPress伪静态规则

 代码如下 复制代码
location / {
index index.html index.php;
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-f $request_filename){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}

———————–
PHPCMS伪静态规则

 代码如下 复制代码
location / {
###以下为PHPCMS 伪静态化rewrite规则
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+).html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2;
 
####以下为PHPWind 伪静态化rewrite规则
rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9_]+.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last;
}

—————————————
ECSHOP伪静态规则

 代码如下 复制代码
if (!-e $request_filename)
{
rewrite “^/index.html” /index.php last;
rewrite “^/category$” /index.php last;
rewrite “^/feed-c([0-9]+).xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+).xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed.xml$” /feed.php last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-
([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$” /category.php?
id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=
$8 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)
(.*).html$” /category.php?
id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$”
/category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /category.php?
id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /category.php?
id=$1&brand=$2 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /category.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*).html” /goods.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$”
/article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /article_cat.php?
id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /article.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+).html”
/brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html” /brand.php?
id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*).html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*).html” /brand.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/tag-(.*).html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last;
rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+).html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+).html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+).html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view
last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]
+)(.*).html$” /exchange.php?
cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last;
rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*).html$”
/exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /exchange.php?
cat_id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*).html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last;
}

—————————————
SHOPEX伪静态规则

 代码如下 复制代码
location / {
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.+.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last;
}
}

————————————————-
Discuz 7伪静态规则

 代码如下 复制代码
rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2
last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ /viewthread.php?
tid=$1&extra=page=$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+).html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;
—————————————
discuzX2.0伪静态
# 将 RewriteEngine 模式打开
RewriteEngine On
# 修改以下语句中的 /discuz 为你的论坛目录地址,如果程序放在根目录中,请将
/discuz 修改为 /
RewriteBase /
# Rewrite 系统规则请勿修改
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^topic-(.+).html$ portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$1&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ portal.php?
mod=view&aid=$1&page=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^forum-(w+)-([0-9]+).html$ forum.php?
mod=forumdisplay&fid=$1&page=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ forum.php?
mod=viewthread&tid=$1&extra=page=$3&page=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ forum.php?
mod=group&fid=$1&page=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ home.php?mod=space&$1=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^blog-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ home.php?
mod=space&uid=$1&do=blog&id=$2&%1
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)$
RewriteRule ^archiver/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+).html$ archiver/index.php?
action=$1&value=$2&%1

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